Analytical Behaviorology of Imam Ali’s (AS) Ethical Leadership based on the Nahj al-balaghah’s Teachings (Case Study: Kharijite Sedition)

Understanding the ruler's ethical behavior before taking power and extending it to his leadership period can explain the ruler's ethical policies and honesty in subsequent actions. Imam Ali (AS) emphasizes morality's precedence and indicates that the Islamic teachings during his caliphate are the same as his pre-government period. Although the Kharijites war had unfortunate consequences, Imam, with appropriate moral principles, tried to prevent war. After the war, Imam's ethical behavior with his enemies indicated that ethical humanity has a preference over the immoral believer. The present article explains a new theory in the field of leadership theories. This research has been done with a descriptive and analytical approach, mostly according to Sunni sources. Based on the findings, the declarations of this ethicism and the negative and positive function of this behavior can create an ethical society. Dialogue based on specific ethical propositions, accepting reformist demands according to the existing requirements, using appropriate strategies to prevent further convulsions in society, preserving human dignity, and protecting the rights of dissidents and the pseudo- dissidents, not based on kinship and history of presence in various political arenas, can repel the conflict that has arisen in society with the moral behavior of the ruler.