Dome Surface measurement based on thermar absorption (domes of mosques: Imam of Isfahan, Sheikh Lotfollah, masjed-al-nabi Ghazvin and jamea of Urumieh)

Gonbad (dome) is one of the most important forms in Islamic mosques. Major research on gonbad has explored its shape and decoration and researchers don’t have enough attention on the effect of climate on dome's shape. The researchers are trying to find a climatic effect in the form of a dome in Iran. The main variable of the research is the dome shape and radiation amount which received by the sun. Three regions of Iran, (Isfahan, Urmia and Qazvin) were selected. By Energy Plus simulation, four old mosques: shah mosque (Imam Mosque of Isfahan), Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, Masjed-al-Nabi Qazvin and the jame Mosque of Urmia is studied. At the beginning, domes of mosques were modeled some software like as Reino5 and Revit2017. The annual radiation exposure was recorded on the warmest day of the year, at 14, 16 and 18 pm. This measurement was performed using the Energy-Plus software of the Rhino software under the Honey-Bee and Lady-Bug plugins. The results show that with increasing dome surface, the heat absorption of the radiation is increased and in the shadow range, domes with high altitude in hot and dry climate perform better. Domes with a high contact surface in the cold climate are suitable for receiving high radiation. Creating a dome on the “Gariv” increases the shadow on the dome surfaces. The shape and type of dome arch (ghoos) used in each climate are based on the thermal conditions and the amount of sunlight absorption required throughout the year. It can be said that the shape of the dome in Iran has varied according to the climate.