Concept of Disaster Resilience in Integrated Watershed Management

The present paper is designed to explain the role and position of natural disasters in the integrated management of watersheds. In the last decades, the concept of disaster resilience has been proposed due to the occurrence of various disasters and environmental hazards with natural and human origins having adverse anthropogenic and ecological effects. However, the international decade for natural disaster reduction (IDNDR) was started from January 1990 according to Resolution 236/44 of the united nation (UN) with the aim of reducing natural disasters induced of human, economic, and social damages. But, with the ratification of the Hyogo framework in 2005, the resilience enhancement was seriously considered alongside disaster reduction. Also, because of the increasing global risk levels and the importance of tackling them, during the 2005-2015 period, sound attentions and efforts were done in respect to natural disaster reduction and increasing resilience of local communities. Nevertheless, according to the literature review, the sound concept of disaster resilience still not holds its real place in the country's comprehensive watershed management strategies related to situations and circumstances and the variety of disasters. The incidence of irreparable damages to human, mental, financial, and environmental damages in recent years and months in different parts of the country confirms this important note. The concepts explained in this research could be considered as a scientific and key baseline for researchers, executives, and watershed managers.