Investigating Academic Freedom in Contemporary West and criticizing its foundations from the perspective of contemporary Muslim thinkers

This article explores the meaning and critique of its foundations by explaining the history , origins , and approaches to academic freedom in the contemporary West. For this purpose , descriptive and analytical methods were used. From the categorization of approaches to the prescription of libertarianism , the Brubaker classifies three approaches (epistemological , political, and ethical) in two areas of documentation (statements and bills) and views of scholars (John Dewey , Bertrand- Russell, John Searle , Stanley Fish , Donna Ibn and Richard Rorty). Concluding definitions and prescriptions, the results showed: freedom and justice , science and goodwill are the most prominent principles of the West in the construction of libertarianism. These foundations , which are influenced by the philosophical assumptions of humankind , were criticized by the views of contemporary Muslim thinkers. By summarizing and analyzing the content of the critique of academic freedom from the perspective of Muslim thinkers, we can consider three concepts (characteristics) of the comprehensiveness of Islam, divine law, and a righteous society in the Islamic view of academic freedom, different from the West.