An overview of global water resources from a geopolitical perspective

Water is one of the most abundant substances on earth and covers about three quarters of the earth's surface. The total volume of the Earth's water is estimated at 1360 to 1454 million cubic kilometers, which, if evenly distributed on the Earth's surface, would be 2.7 kilometers above the Earth's surface. However, of the world's total water, only 0.014% is usable by humans and constitutes the world's renewable water resources and participates in the water cycle. The world map shows the mismatch of political borders with watersheds, given that the world's population has tripled over the past hundred years and the demand for water has more than quadrupled. This has led to competition and controversy to make the most of water as a geographical source of power. Due to climate, economic and social changes in the world, the people of the world will face a water crisis by the middle of this century. Thus, the scarcity of fresh water leads to its security and politicization, the ecological and Hydropolitical consequences of which can be very significant in the organic exchange of populations and the phenomenon of migration and insecurity. In arid and semi-arid regions, where rivers form the national border, these areas are potentially prone to conflict. In this research, which is descriptive-analytical in terms of the type of application and in terms of the general method of research, a general study of world water resources with a geopolitical perspective has been done.