City Nightlife from Islamic viewpoints: Inference of native pattern of 24-Hour city and city nightlife in accordance with the Islamic lifestyle.

The realization of the concept of 24-hour city and urban nightlife has been controversial from the very beginning, even in the original source, the western cities. Adherents of the 24-hour city believe that the nightlife increases economic prosperity, presence of urban spaces, security enhancement, space branding, and etc. In contrast, opponents do not recommend the nightlife in cities for reasons such as energy wastage, occurrence of crime and offensive behaviors, environmental damage, increasing individuality and reducing social cohesion, and etc. Survey on existing examples of the nightlife in different cities suggests that a single pattern for nightlife cannot be imagined. In each society, according to requirements and facilities, general culture and social relations, and even the policies of the governments and the urban managers, different examples of the urban nightlife have been obtained. The introduction of this concept into the Islamic societies - including Iran - has also posed challenges to the urban management and citizens, including whether the same western concept of the 24-hour city and the nightlife can be realized in Iran? To what extent do those concepts and goals conform to Iranian-Islamic culture and lifestyle? And basically, what is the relationship between the concept of the 24-hour city and the nightlife with the Islamic instructions? And so the urban nightlife has had serious proponents and opponents in Iran. A review of theoretical literature of the 24-hour city, based on the Islamic instructions and the local and the cultural capacities, can probably provide inference of the 24-hour city and the urban nightlife in accordance with the Islamic lifestyle and cities of the Islamic countries, including Iran. The present study seeks to answer the above questions with qualitative method and to provide a pattern of the 24-hour cities and the nightlife based on the Islamic culture and the local capacities.