Investigating the Role of East Fault System in Zendan Fault in Generation of New Iranian Mud Volcano Range (East of the Strait of Hormuz)

Mud volcanos are one of the strangest and most fascinating geomorphologic phenomena in Iran, mostly in the coastal plains of the Oman Sea and in the Caspian Sea. Mudvolcano, sedimentation is one of the most interesting natural phenomena that spread in the Al-Himalayas, the Pacific and Central Asia in the countries of Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Iran, Italy, Romania, Japan and Anzadeh, Japan, Mexico and Japan. Oef and Feyz Allahov, 2001).In general, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tectonics on the current morphology of the studied landforms and then to evaluate and validate the use of morphometric indices by evaluating and adapting the morphotectonic evidence of the area for tectonic analysis of the 5 anticlines. This is a study that can ultimately be used in environmental planning. In the present study, it is attempted to study three main indexes in the field of anticline morphometry, considering that 5 main anticlines of the area have been studied. In this study, the morphometric parameters of the basin and the mountain were used in combination, while for the morphometric evaluation of the mountain, specific parameters and for the morphometric evaluation of the basin there are other parameters.The study area is located in the northern coast of the Oman Sea from the eastern part of the Strait of Hormuz to Bandar Gowater in the Hormozgan Provinces of Wissistan and Baluchistan in the geographical range of 25 14 57 to 00 58 east longitude and 38 25 to 00 26 north latitude . 

The data used in this study were in addition to documentary data, 1: 250000 and 1: 100,000 digital geological maps, DEM30m digital elevation model data, Landsat satellite imagery data, Google earth imagery, and Mudvolcano morphometric data collected during extensive fieldwork. The tectonic activity domain analysis tool has been used to calculate the morphometric indices of the anticline including the three main parameters of the triangular procedures, the wine valleys and the sinusitis of the anticline front. In order to calculate the morphotectonic status of the area, the relevant parameters were first calculated separately in the North and South Duvial, which consist of triangular procedures, canyon valleys, and mountain front sinusitis. 

Triangular procedures are special shapes that occur on mountain foreheads, fault cliffs, and folding edges Are formed. The occurrence of these phenomena is the result of active tectonics in an area that occurs as uplift and uplift of geological layers and fold formation. If the eruption rate is higher than the water erosion rate, the phenomena are triangular to polymorphic, separated by waterways. The higher the tectonic uplift, the more triangular the procedures will be. In this study, a total of 251 triplicate procedures were identified on 5 antecedents studied, of which 88 were in antecedent 1, 32 measured.

The results of field impressions described as tectonic forms adjacent to the main faults indicate high tectonic activity in the area, which derives from quaternary movements of the major faults. Also the tectonic dynamics of the region with direct influence on the morphology of the region in satellite images is shown as tilt and cuts along the channels. In general, the results show that tectonic activity is higher in the southern edges of the anticlines. These evidences showed that the highest accumulation of morphotectonic evidence such as displacement of formations, stepping faults and rivers diversion in and around the anticline was observed, suggesting more tectonic activity in the area. In general, the results of the indexes and evidences examined indicate the dominance of the tectonic activity at the regional level and since the accumulation of the studied in this area also indicates the tectonic effect of the area on their occurrence. The study area is affected by compressive forces on the one hand with compressive zone due to subduction of the Oman Oceanic crust below Makran area and on the other hand the area of ​​contact of Makran zone with Zagros zone is rapid sedimentation of Quaternary sediments and trapping of methane gas in layers. The deep clay and fine sediments of trap anticlines caused by the compressive forces of the tectonics have caused mudflows and gases due to this subduction to the studied fault system. So that its faulting process is associated with the birth of new and young Mud volcanoes.