Application of FMEA and AHP in Elevated Highway Construction Project Risk Assessment

With accident investigation in industries can be concluded that a significant proportion of work-related accidents occurred in construction industry. In every year, 60.000 fatal accidents occur worldwide in construction sector and one worker dies because of an occupational accident in every 10 minutes. Safety risk identification and risk assessment in the industry is the essential element of risk management program. Except of financial loss, other aspect of political, socio-economic and cultural prospective of accidents must be considered for companies.

In this study, methodological shortcoming of traditional failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method and need to prioritize control measures, has been modified by analytical hierarchy of process (AHP). The FMEA used to risk identification and risk assessment in the elevated highway construction project, then using AHP accidents prioritized according to their physical, psychological, economic and socio-political burden.

In analytical hierarchy of process structure several sub-criteria for each criterion considered and weighted for each item. The five activities included crane collapse, crane collapsed, falling from height, collapse and electrocution devices that their risk priority number is more than 250 are weighted by analytical hierarchy of process.

based on literature the traditional FMEA has lots of shortcoming that it is needed to correct with other methods. This the findings of this study showed that in urban projects hazards threatening workers, citizens and company properties. Beside accidents death and injuries, they have negative consequences such as health, psychological, economical Socio – political impact. Accidents cause loss of human life; worker psychological problems, loss of worker`s productivity, damages to equipment or property and furthermore influence the organization`s reputation and profit. The conventional risk priority number (RPN) in FMEA method has been criticized to have many deficiencies and various risk priority models have been proposed to enhance the performance of FMEA in risk analysis. 
 

The risk management in construction in urban area greatly will identify the project hazards and its negative consequents. In this study, a AHP method based FMEA developed to identify and prioritize safety risk assessment in elevated expressway construction showed that the accidents In addition to the risks to life, they have political, social and cultural consequences.