Study Qualitative and quantitative traits of sugar beet cultivars at different planting times in transplanting and seedling cultivation system in West Azarbaijan area

One of the problems of sugar beet planting in West Azarbayjan province in early spring, not preparing the land for cultivation due to poor weather conditions. Since the proper economic yield in sugar beet is due to proper vegetative growth in the early growing season and appropriate allocation and distribution of photosynthetic materials to the root, the timely cultivation of this plant is very important. The accelerated growth of the plant can be controlled under controlled conditions with the use of cultivation in the greenhouse and its transfer to the main land at a time when the risk of late winter cold and the problem of water scarcity is resolved. The present study was conducted to compare and evaluate quantitative and qualitative traits of sugar beet cultivars in in transplanting and seedling cultivation in different planting dates in western Azarbayjan province.

In order to study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet cultivars (Dorotea, Isabella and Ekbatan) in transplanting and seedling cultivation system in West Azarbaijan area in three planting date (25 March, 8 and 18 April), A split plot experiment based on randomize complete blocks in three replications was carried out in two regions of Miandoab and Bokan in 2016. In this research, leaf area index, leaf relative water content, sugar yield, branching root number, root yield and white sugar yield were measured.

The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between two direct and transplanting systems in terms of effect on all studied traits except for leaf chlorophyll index. The effects of planting time and cultivar were significant. The interaction effect of planting time + culture system on leaf relative water content, number of branching roots, Coefficient of sugar extraction, root yield and white sugar yield was significant. The interaction of cultivar in planting date was significant on leaf relative water content and root yield. Results showed among the planting date, the highest leaf chlorophyll index (36.87) was allocated to the cultivation date of 25 march. Among the cultivars studied, Dorotea showed the highest leaf chlorophyll index (27.39), leaf area index (4.72), coefficient of sugar extraction (81.57%) and white sugar yield. Among cultivation system in planting date interaction treatments the highest leaf area index (5.72), leaf relative water content (36.87), Coefficient of sugar extraction (78.12%), branching root number (8.57), root yield (62.58 t/ha) and white sugar yield (9.50 t/ha) was recorded in transplanting system with planting date of 25 march. The highest relative leaf water content (72.30%) and root yield (62.67 t/ha) were allocated to Dorotea cultivar with planting date of 25 march.

According to the results of this study, Dorothy cultivar had higher qualitative and quantitative characteristics than two other cultivars, therefore the use of this cultivar in both areas can be recommended. Also, early planting of cultivars on March 25th in the form of transplanting system showed the highest root yield and yield of pure sugar. It can be concluded that the early planting in the form of transplanting system due to better deployment, As well as maximum leaf area index, compliance with the most favorable temperature and environmental conditions improves the qualitative and quantitative qualities of sugar beet.