Factors of the formation of sects on the eve of the absence of Imam Mahdi (as) A case study of Mohammadiyya and Nafisiyah

On the verge of Imam Mahdi's absence, some sects came up in the Islamic world. Two of them, Muhammadiah and Nafisiyah were very important. These two sects which appeared in the era of Imam Hasan Askari and after his martyrdom, believed that Seyyed Muhammad, the other son of Imam Hasan, is the next Imam. The reason why these sects appeared is the main subject of this article, which is explored through historical analysis concerning multiple related statements. The article is based on the theory that causes like narratives about succession of imams specially succession of Imam Hadi, goodness of Seyyed Muhammad and his position near Imam Hadi, false believes about succession of older son and incorrect perceptions of the relating narratives, misgiving of Badaa, hiddening the birth of Imam Mahdi and some actions of deviant sects like Fatahiah have resulted in forming of these sects.