Mathematical modeling of the influence of demand-side management programs on electrical energy consumption in industries based on the scheduling of virtual manufacturing cells

This paper presents a mixed-integer programming model for the influence of demand-side management programs by calculating electricity consumption, the quality of cooperation of industries in demand-side management programs, and the foundation of virtual manufacturing cell scheduling. In this model, the time of travel among machines and machine work/task load balance are utilized due to the nature of large and heavy industries and their effectiveness in demand response programs compared to virtual cells, which are a compound of cellular and flexible manufacturing systems regarding the preparation times depending on the sequence of operations. This model aims to maximize the bonus of cooperation in reward-oriented programs of demand-side management, minimize the time of completing the last task, and minimize the energy and travel expenses. The performance indices (e.g., maximum electrical power consumption, machine sequence, and the latency of the positions of loads on each machine) and the results of solving some numerical examples are shown and analyzed. Accordingly, the proposed model is a multi-objective model that to obtain the optimal answer, the L-P metric method and Gams optimization software have been used. The results are presented in several numerical examples in two parts of performance characteristics and demand-side management using the proposed and reference model.