The Rights of Political Opponents Considering the Life Story of Government of Amir al-Mu'minin and Its Reflection in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran

One of the duties of the rulers of the Islamic society is to deal appropriately with the political opposition. The short period of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali's rule was full of problems and issues due to the special circumstances of the society of that day, in which the political opponents of the Imam were the main protagonists, as most of his rule was devoted to confronting these groups. The purpose of this study is to provide a model in accordance with the Imam's style of dealing with them in different situations, while respecting and recognizing the rights of the opposition and observing important principles of governance, have always tried to guide and return them to society. This study tries to disagreement and criticism of the governing religion is considered as a right, not to be considered a crime, and to regard the issue from a legal point of view by using descriptively examining and analyzing the thematic content of important historical sources, the practical life of the Imam in particular. At the same time, the rights of political opponents are recognized by the constitutions of Iran and most countries.