Etude analytique de " Testament Français" d'Andreï Makine d'après la théorie de "dialogisme " de Bakhtine

Abstract With the emergence of new theories of literary criticism, each of which views the literary text from a particular perspective, the study of literary texts, especially fiction, from the perspective of narratology and literary theories, has become increasingly important. In the meantime, Bakhtin's polyphonic theory provides another reading of the text and leads the audience to discover the inner layers, the various and sometimes hidden sounds and the unspoken text. The importance of the dialogue element in the story and its special place according to Bakhtin's discourse theory has doubled the need for care and reflection in the application of this component in the novel. Therefore, in this article, while analyzing the key concepts of conversation logic and lost polyphony, we will explain these terms, examples and their application in the novel. The purpose of this research will be to find an answer to the question whether, considering the essential capacities and capabilities of the novel "French Will", the most famous work of the Russian-French author Andreï Makine, this personal biography can be considered a polyphonic book, based on Bakhtin's conversational logic? And whether the conversations between different characters throughout the work and the bilingualism of the author / narrator, give this book the embodiment of the theory of dialogism. Thus what is examined and explored in this article is a descriptive-analytical study of the main components of the theory of "polyphonic" in "Le Testament Français". .