Comparing Held and Habermas's idea of the possibility of replacing a desirable model of democracy with liberal democracy"

"Globalization" has transformed many of the key traditional concepts of politics. One of these concepts is "democracy". Given the changes that have taken place in the age of globalization, Held and Habermas have tried to replace the models of "cosmopolitan democracy" and "Deliberative democracy" with liberal democracy respectively. The purpose of this paper is to show the efforts of Habermas and Held to replace their proposed model with the model of liberal democracy. Habermas describes his proposed model of democracy by relying on the three systems of "government", "economy" and "the lifeword". But Held does this by rebuilding the current world order. The findings of this article indicate that the efforts of both thinkers to achieve the desired goal have not been successful. The main reason for this failure is the conservatism of Held's intellectual structure, and consequently desire to maintain the status quo on the one hand, and Habermas' overly optimistic view of consensus and rationalism on the other. This article is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and content, and the required data has been obtained through library methods.