Comparison of Essential Oil Content and Composition of Different Parts from Teucrium polium L. in Natural Habitat of Kerman Province

Teucrium polium L. is one of the valuable medicinal plants which belonging to the Lamiaceae family where grows wild from plains and lowlands to mountain heights in throughout Iran. In the present study, 30 plants in full flowering stage were randomly prepared from Jiroft region of Kerman province and divided into three groups of 10 and then flowers, leaves and stems of each group were isolated for testing. Essential oil was extracted from each organ with three replications and in each repetition 200 g of plant material was done by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus and they were analyzed by a combination of GC-FID and GC-MS techniques, to check for chemical variability. The essential oil contents of flower, leaf and stalk were 1.25, 0.93 and 0.14 % (w/w), respectively. The total number of compounds identified and quantified were 59 in flower, 56 in leaf and 61 in stalk. Results of essential oil compound analysis demonstrated that torreyol, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, dl-limonene, elemol and caryophyllene were the major compounds in flower and leaf. However, the major compounds of stalk essential oil were torreyol, elemol, agarospirol, caryophyllene, spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide. Results showed that stalk essential oils of the plant characterized with high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were rich in flower and leaf. The main and common volatile compound identified in the organs of this species was torreyol which was the highest in the essential oil of the stalk and the lowest in the flower. The content of essential oil in the flower was higher than that in the leave and stalk. Chemical variation of the essential oil of T. polium plant parts can be considered by medicinal plants physiologists and breeders and pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries for breeding and processing uses.