The Formation Process of Year of Arbitration (Sanah Al-Wofūd) and its Outcomes

The constant and difficult promotion of Islam in Mecca by the Prophet of Islam (PBUH); and migration to Medina, deployment of army for Badr and Ahzab wars, conquering of Mecca, fight against the Roman Empire in the form of the battles of Mote and Tabuk, and some other things gradually guided the near and far tribes of the peninsula to adopt positions towards Islam and each of them somehow realized the power of Islam. These ups and downs and factors caused various tribes, including Banū Thaqīf, Banū Tamīm, Bani Assad and other tribes, which are also mentioned up to one hundred tribes, to go to Medina to reconcile and understand the emerging power of Islam. The present article aims to explicate the following cases under the title of the process of Sanah Al-Wofūd’s formation and its outcomes: A) Although the rapid flow of ambassadors from different tribes in Medina is related to the consequences of the fall of Mecca in the eighth year of AH and the campaign of Tabuk, its preparations were made at least from the fifth year of AH with the arrival of the ambassadors of Bani Assad. B) Generally, the Islamization of different tribes through the presence of ambassadors and their elders in Medina had benefits such as recognizing some property, ensuring the security of these tribes against hostile tribes, and establishing the leadership of the chiefs of these tribes.