The effect of four-week endurance training with probiotic supplementation on the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in cardiomyocytes of diabetic rats

Increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis is one of the main causes of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Considering the role of probiotics and exercise in improving the complications of diabetes, the aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of endurance training and probiotic supplementation on the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 genes in cardiomyocytes of diabetic rats. 30 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 270 ±10 g were randomly divided into 5 groups: Normal Control (NC), Diabetic Control (DC), Diabetic Probiotic Supplement (SDC), Diabetic Training (TD), and Probiotic Supplement. Probiotic-Diabetic Training (STD). Training groups with an intensity of 60-65% VO2peak ran on a treadmill in 5 days a week and for 4 weeks. At the same time, the supplement groups received 2 grams of the probiotic supplement daily. Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 genes in the left ventricle of rats was studied by qReal-Time PCR and data analysis was performed by two-way analysis of variance with a significance level of p   Bax gene expression was decreased in all groups compared to the DC group (p <0.05) but in the TD group there was no significant difference compared to the STD (p = 0.918). Also, Bcl-2 gene expression increased in all groups compared to the DC group (p = 0.001) but in the TD group, this increase was more significant than STD (p = 0.002).   It seems that endurance training with probiotic supplementation with a synergistic effect on some factors affecting cardiomyocyte apoptosis can be effective in reducing the complications of diabetes in cardiomyocytes of diabetic rats.