The Employment Effect of Technology Transfer Methods: A Systematic Review

Different technology transfer methods, in addition to being effective in reducing the technology gap, have other economic consequences. Not paying attention to these effects can add to the economic problems and challenges of countries. Among these effects, employment effect is important especially the effect on skilled and unskilled labor force. In this paper using a systematic review of published scientific research papers on the effect of technology transfer methods on employment; by Sign test and SPSS26 software, the effect of ten selected technology transfer methods has been investigated. At 1% level; among the studied methods, Alliances and Joint ventures were found to be ineffective on employment, the effect of Mergers and Acquisitions, Foreign direct investment, Franchises, Licenses, Multinational corporations, R&D and Spinoffs were significantly positive. In the second stage; Using TOPSIS method, technology transfer methods were ranked based on the effect on skilled and simple labor force. Accordingly, the franchise method was identified as the most appropriate method for employment in the simple labor force and R&D, foreign direct investment and spinoffs were identified as the most appropriate method for employment in the skilled labor force.