Re-reading and Analyzing Mullā Ṣadrā’s View on Taṣdīq (according to the Theory of the Principality of Existence)

Mullā Ṣadrā has used the same terminology and style of the earlier logicians in many of his discussions on logical belief (Taṣdīq); while his two theories, “principality of existence” and “union of the knower and the known”, require that he address the issue to present the problem of “conception and belief” in a philosophical system different from the philosophical system of the sages. According to the theory of principality of existence and using the method of textual analysis, this article has re-read Mullā Ṣadrā’s view in explaining the truth of logical belief and has analyzed his approach in the face of the view of previous logicians. In this regard, it was concluded that Mullā Ṣadrā has expressed his view with two different approaches and on two levels: One approach is based on the principles of earlier logicians (essential approach) and the other approach is based on the theory of the principality of existence (existential approach). It was also argued that Mullā Ṣadrā’s view of the truth of logical belief was the same as Fārābī’s view, emphasizing that such a view was based solely on Mullā Ṣadrā’s existential approach and backed by theories of the principality of existence, the gradation of existence, the substantial motion and the union of the knower and the known.