An Analysis of Nawab Vakil'sAttitude Towards Modernization and its Effects on religious and Cultural Policies of Qajar and Pahlavi Eras with Emphasis on "Four-hour journey and discovery of facts"

The diary of Vakil al-Tawliyyah written by Mirza Seyyed Mohammad Nawab Razavi known as "Nawab Vakil" is one of the important sources for studying the Nasiri era until the middle time of Reza Shah. Meanwhile, "The Four-Hour Journey and the Discovery of Facts", which includes the final part of the memoir, through its critical look at how modernism entered the country and its challenges in religious and cultural fields. It is very important on the type of actions and policies of the Qajar and Pahlavi rulers, which is also the main issue of this article. Accordingly, the author of the present article clarifies different dimensions of the subject by analyzing the content of the mentioned work and using related sources and researches. The study by using a descriptive-analytical approach argues that this work is one of the most important and lesser-known representatives of the traditionalist current, which, with its historical arguments and ingenious interpretations of religious texts and showing the era of Fath Ali Shah as an ideal period, opposed modernization, especially in the Pahlavi era. Of course, relatively personal issues such as following the conservative attitude of Haj Mohammad Karim Khan, the leader of the Sheikh Kerman, the gradual loss of his place in the traditional bureaucracy and the decline of his social and economic status, influenced his approach.