Investigation of Flow Characteristics and Pressure Parameters of Free and Submerged Hydraulic Jumps in USBR Stilling Basins

In this study, flow characteristics and pressure parameters of hydraulic jumps has been investigated in a laboratory flume. The results for different incident Froude numbers (Fr1), at the downstream of an Ogee spillway on the typified USBR II stilling basin bed were compared with the USBR type I basins. Dimensions of the Ogee spillway and stilling basin were designed according to the USBR criteria. The pressure data of the points on the basin bed were recorded using pressure transmitters with 20 Hz frequency. Experimental parameters including flow depth and velocity at the start and end points of free jumps (Y1, Y2, V1 and V2), and submerged jumps (Y3, Yt, V3 and Vt) were measured. In the present study, dimensionless parameters of energy dissipation efficiency (εt), mean pressure head (Ψ*X), standard deviation of pressure fluctuations (Φ*X), maximum positive pressure fluctuation coefficient (CP+), maximum negative pressure fluctuation coefficient (CP‒), total pressure fluctuation coefficient (CP) and skewness coefficient (Ad) were investigated. Pressure parameters are dependent on Fr1, the point position (Γ*X), and the submergence degree (S). The results showed that by reducing the values of Fr1, parameter εt decreases. The parameter Φ*X max in the USBR type II basin decreases around 30% compared to the type I basins in free jumps. The reduction of Φ*X max values in the submerged jump with S=1.4 is about 29% than free jumps. The values of CP+max and |CP‒|max coefficients in the submerged jump with S=1.4 in comparison with free jumps decreases about 15% and 17%, respectively.