Phenomenology of Entrepreneurship and Business Spaces of Rural in Selected Regions of Iran (With emphasis on lived challenges)

Given the importance of rural entrepreneurship in the development process, so far in Iran, many efforts have been made to grow and expand entrepreneurship in rural areas. Despite many efforts, rural entrepreneurship in Iran faces deep and unplanned challenges. To help develop entrepreneurship in the future, purpose of this study is to phenomenologically analyze the challenges faced by entrepreneurs after establishing their business in villages of Iran. This research is applied and developmental. It is also a qualitative research in terms of the nature of the data. The chosen approach in data collection and analysis has been phenomenological. The population of this study included rural entrepreneurs met in the provinces of South Khorasan, Gilan and Markazi in the period of 2018 to 2020 years. Colaizzi method and MAXQDA.11 software were used to analyze the interviews. According to the results, in the post-entrepreneurial environment, the challenges of the villagers are affected by three factors and general contexts, including "macro conditions governing the country's space", "spatial realities" and "finding the ground for individual failure in the field of competition". The challenges of rural post-entrepreneurship are a serious threat to the sustainability of rural entrepreneurial businesses and job creation, partly under the control and management of the actor (entrepreneur) and partly under the political will and decision-making of facilitators (government and local governor). Solving post-entrepreneurship problems depends on the coordinated action of both actors and facilitators to be done within the framework of a bottom-up and participatory planning.