The Impact of Economic Sanctions on Commercial Disputes Related to Sale of Oil and Oil Products

The emergency which occurs following the imposition of economic sanctions, necessitates the business transactions to be conducted through non-standard and irregular methods. Using front companies, and intermediaries, and non-transparent ways of doing banking payments have become the necessary part of Iran's foreign trade regime following the imposition of economic sanctions. Disputes raised before Iranian courts in relation to sale of Iranian crude oil through these unusual means proves the specific features of oil transactions which using these irregular methods of foreign trade may not corresponds to these specific features, This Article studies the different types of new commercial disputes which are created due to imposition of economic sanctions on sale of oil and oil products and proposes contractual solutions to mitigate the likelihood of these disputes.