Making policies for technology development in energy sector has been amongst the most cited issues in economic studies. The first step to make policy for technology development is to recognize barriers and bottlenecks of technology development. Regarding the growing significance of CHP technology in developed economies and also the potential competence in Iran, this paper aims at identifying the most important barriers hindering the CHP development in Iran in comparison with the national plans. The Multi-Level Perspective approach was selected to recognize these bottlenecks as it considers the social and macro contextual factors. The problems were identified and then verified using confirmatory factor analysis. The results demonstrate that the social, cultural and macro-economic factors play the more important role compared to technological factors. More precisely, connecting to a centralized and public power grid has become a routine for industries in Iran. Moreover, regulations and standards required to connect the CHP plants to these centralized grid have not been designed well. At the next level of importance, some cultural attitudes such as preferring foreign technologies were noticed to have the considerable negative effect on CHP development in Iran.
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