The Defense-Security Challenges of Sea-Oriented Development in the Makran Coasts from the Perspective of Political GeographyCase Study: Scale: Local and National

Today, the most developed cities have formed in the margins of coasts of seas and oceans. There is a reciprocal relationship between the existence and survival of cities and sea-oriented development. Today, a geoeconomic approach governs coastlines.  Therefore, the Eastern coasts of Iran (Makran coasts) have connected the country to the ocean structure, causing an increase of geopolitical weight and geoeconomic functions. In the present research, the main question is: What are the defense and security challenges of sea-oriented development in the Makran coasts from the perspective of political geography at local and national scales? The method used in this research is descriptive of survey type ( using questionnaire on the basis of Likert scale). The analysis in this research has been carried out by using the statistical software SPSS 23 at two levels: namely Descriptive and Inferential. The data in this article represent part of the challenges (security and defense challenges at two scales: namely national and local) adopted from the doctoral dissertation with the topic of "the challenges of sea-oriented developments in Makran coasts from the perspective of political geography". Results indicate that the security-defense challenges at national scale enjoy a higher weight and average than the security-defense challenges at local scale.