Effect of forage maize biochar and urea fertilizer on soil chemical properties and pepper yield under greenhouse conditions

In order to investigate the effect of forage maize biochar and urea fertilizer application on bell pepper cultivar, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replicates and nine treatment was conducted. The treatments consisted of three levels of forage maize biochar (zero, 2, and 5% Soil weight) and three required urea fertilizer (75% 100%, and 120%). One bell pepper was transferred in 4-leaf pots containing 5 kg of soil and biochar, then in three stages and in each stage, 236, 314, and 376 mg kg-1 N of urea fertilizer was added to the pot. At the end stage of cultivation, EC, pH, Na, K, Ca+ mg, carbon organic, total nitrogen and wet yield fruit bell pepper measurements were done. The results indicated that the treatment of 120% urea fertilizer and 5 percentage biochar EC, pH, sodium, and total nitrogen cumulative in soil 41.7, 12.5, 2.1 and 58.3% and soil organic carbon 4.16 times, were compared to the control treatment. respectively. In 120% urea fertilizer and 5 percentage biochar treatment soil potassium increase by 96.8% in comparison with the control treatment. Also, the highest increase calcium and magnesium the treatment 100% urea fertilizer and 2 percentage biochar cumulative in soil by 58.3%. In addition, the results indicate that the treatment of 120% urea fertilizer without biochar increased the wet yield fruit of bell pepper by 61.5% compared to the control treatment.