Spatial distribution analysis of urban public services from the perspective of social justice in the spatial structure of Tabriz metropolis

The metropolis of Tabriz is considered as one of the mother cities of Iran and the most populous city of East Azerbaijan province and the center of administrative and political services to the northwest of the country. For more than 100 years, this metropolis has always been one of the economic hubs of Iran and has been one of the gateways to Iran and the arrival of technology and social developments in Iran. The special position of this city has led to its rapid and unbridled growth. The economic and industrial position of this city has always welcomed a wide range of rural and urban immigrants from different parts of Iran. Immigration of this city has led to insufficient urban services, formation of informal neighborhoods, occurrence of social anomalies, urban traffic, air pollution, social inequality, inefficiency of urban management and so on. Therefore, the city of Tabriz, due to its population in recent decades, has faced the problem of injustice in the distribution of municipal services. Considering the importance of studying this issue, it can be said that the main purpose of this study is to find a scientific answer to the question of what is the quality of citizens' access to public uses in the city of Tabriz? What is the situation of different areas of the city in terms of the studied indicators? And finally, what are the practical suggestions for improving the current situation of Tabriz in the field of improving social justice?

This research is based on the applied purpose and based on the descriptive-analytical nature, the required information has been obtained in the form of library and field. The reference for collecting the information required for this research through a comprehensive and detailed plan of the city of Tabriz, was the preparation of a special questionnaire to collect information from relevant institutions (municipality, cultural heritage, health network, education, etc.). In order to grade the levels of spatial justice, 9 variables of cultural-artistic, educational, administrative-disciplinary, medical, park and green space, religious, urban equipment and urban facilities have been used. To do this, the weight of each criterion has been determined using Shannon entropy method and to analyze the data, multi-criteria decision making method of Vicor, TOPSIS, Prometheus and integration model (Copeland) has been used. Also, GIS v10.5 software has been used to draw a spatial map related to the prioritization of urban areas of Tabriz in terms of the studied indicators.

As the results of the research showed using the three models of Vicor, Topsis and Prometheus, the prioritization of the ten districts of Tabriz in terms of the nine criteria of social justice, had different priorities. Therefore, in order to integrate the results and provide the final prioritization, the Copeland integration model was used. In the Copeland method to classify the areas of Tabriz city, the numerical range of 9 and 9 (6 to 9 is highly enjoyed, 3 to 6 is enjoyed, 3 to 3- is relatively enjoyed, 3- to 6- is relatively deprived and 6- to 6- is deprived) is used. It becomes. The results of Copeland method, which is obtained by combining the results of three models of Vicor, Topsis and Prometheus, show that areas 6 and 8 of Tabriz metropolis are in a very good position in terms of spatial justice. Zone 3 is in a privileged state, Zones 2, 7, 10 and 1 are in a relatively prosperous state, Zone 5 is in a relatively deprived state and Zone 9 is in a deprived state.

In general, it can be said that in terms of priority of Tabriz urban areas in terms of social justice criteria, economic and commercial factors are more effective and have a greater role than other components. And the more financial institutions, the higher the score compared to other regions.It should be noted that in this study and other similar studies, access to urban public services and social justice has been examined from a quantitative approach without regard to its quality, while in the field of social justice, the quality of uses as well as The quality of access to public services is more important than its quantity, so it is suggested that in future research, the issue of social justice be considered from a quality approach.