The Fertile Cresent Unity in Kingdom of Iraq (1921-1958) Goals, Plans and Obstacles

One of the most prominent plans for Arab unity after World War I was Fertile Crescent Unity, which included Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Palestine, and Lebanon. After establishing the Iraqi monarchy, King Faisal and the nationalist messengers of Arab unity pursued this plan, but despite the efforts of the Iraqi rulers, the plan failed. The main question of this research is why the plan of unity of the Fertile Crescent failed? The research hypothesis is based on the fact that although the Iraqi rulers made great efforts to achieve Arab unity due to internal opposition, Arab rivalry with each other, and the great powers’ opposition, this plan did not materialize. By analyzing library information, this study shows that a set of ideological, geopolitical, economic motives led the Iraqi monarchy towards Arab unity. King Faisal, Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Said, and vice-regent Abd al-Ilah were the most important figures who worked for the Fertile Crescent Unity. However, due to the heterogeneous internal conditions of the Arab countries, their rivalry for the leadership of the Arab world, the rivalry between Britain and France, the two main players in the Arab Middle East, and their fear of forming a strong Arab state in the region, the plan to unite the  Fertile Crescent failed