Density, Refractive Index, and Electrical Conductivity of Ternary Mixtures Containing 1,3-Butanediol + Sulfolane (TMS) + Perchlorate Salts at Different Temperatures and Atmospheric Pressure

The density, refractive index, and electrical conductivity of binary and ternary mixtures containing sulfolane (2) + 1, 3-butanediol (1) + lithium perchlorate or sodium perchlorate or ammonium perchlorate were measured at temperatures between 293.15-313.15 K. From the density data, the excess molar volume〖 V〗_m^E, the partial molar volume ( V) ̅_(m,i), the excess partial molar volume V ̅_(m,i)^Ewere obtained. The excess molar volumes were correlated using the Redlich-Kister equation to estimate the respected coefficients and standard deviations. Using the Reis equation, the excess refractive index n_D^E was obtained and fitted by the Redlich-Kister equation. Moreover, the values of the specific electrical conductivity have been fitted by polynomial equation to calculate the adjustable parameters constants. The sign and magnitude of excess quantities have been discussed in terms of the nature of molecular interactions between the components. The impacts of the electrolyte and solvation effects on the volumetric, optical properties and conductivity behavior were also addressed.