Investigation of some effective factors in the Invitro soybean regeneration (Glycine max L.)

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the most important agricultural products that is of special importance not only because of its capacity in oil production but also because of its role in human and animal nutrition. One of the effective methods in overcoming the breeding problems of this crop is the use of in vitro culture techniques and molecular methods.  The use of plant tissue culture techniques is one of the effective methods in overcoming the breeding problems of this crop. Tissue culture and plant regeneration in the handling process depend on several factors. The aim of this study was to optimize the effective factors such as genotype, type of micro sample, type of gelling agent and combination of growth regulators in soybean regeneration. 

After germination and seedling growth of Saman and DPX cultivars in culture medium, hypocotyl and cotyledon micro samples in culture medium containing BAP hormone treatments (0, 1 and 2 mg/l) And IBA (0, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/l) were cultured. Subsequently, the samples were recovered in culture media containing IBA (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/l) with agar (5, 6 and 7 g) or gellate (2 and 3 g) were cultured. Separately, the effect of growth regulators on soybean cultivars was performed as a CRD-based factorial experiment, the effect of gelling agents on organogenesis and rooting experiment of cultivars was performed in a completely randomized design with three replications and each replicate containing six samples. 

The results of this study showed that in the cotyledon sample of Saman cultivar under hormonal treatment of 2 μg/l BAP and 0.1 μg/l IBA, the highest rate of organogenesis and number of regenerated branches were observed. Also, the presence of 7 g of agar in the culture medium showed the highest rate of organogenesis and the number of regenerated branches. In addition, a concentration of 1.5 micrograms per liter of IBA induced the highest rooting rate. 

Saman cultivar showed better results in regeneration and rooting than DPX cultivar. Findings of this study can be used for gene transfer and genetic engineering studies for Saman cultivar and other soybean cultivars.