Port cities, formation process and physical pattern (Case study: Kangan)

Horizontal and vertical expansion of the cities is one of the remarkable factors for City managers and planners in the world. This issue has been in science literature for less than 100 years. To be exact, using this term has been popularized in the middle of the 20th century when overusing of the cars became common and the main part of urban credits goes toward expanding highways and city spaces. This kind of inharmonious city expansion that happened in unprepared city lands caused increasing the unused lands and the share of open spaces, Decreasing population density, separation of urban sectors and social segregation. , city construction increased based on stock exchange and land speculation, and not based on needs. And this caused disruption to the urban land market and especially to a large part of the urban land being left unused and a negative consequence of the horizontal expansion of cities and urban sprawl. In other words, with the advent of Reza khan, new activities began to change the physical growth of the cities. In his first encounter with the city, he put the physical changes of the cities on the agenda, believing that physical changes will cause basic content changes and take the necessary pattern in the 19th century Physical-spatial transformations of the industrial city with the growth of industry and technology over the cities and in this transition, the physical cities were influenced not only by natural but also by human factors. In fact due to socio-economic and political development of the present century, Iran's urban population has always been increasing over the years until the urban population has reached from about 30% in 1335 to 70% in 1385 and 72% in 1390. Obviously, these demographic changes have had decisive impact on the physical dimension of cities. Thus, in the Pahlavi era, for the first time in the history of urbanism and urbanisation, the state has tried to transform the image and organisation of the city not on the basis of internal thinking and evolution but on external thought and change.