Comparison of the performance of Bazar forces in the process of industrialization of the West and Iran (Study of the Safavid period until the end of the first Pahlavi)

In the late Middle Ages, following socio-economic developments, Europe entered the era of the Industrial Revolution through various stages; Thus, with the passage of the subsistence economy and the formation of commercial capitalism, wealth was accumulated, and with the use of this capital by the middle section of the bourgeoisie in the field of industry and production, Europe entered the industrial age. While in Iran, with the rise of the Safavids to power, the Bazar was reorganized economically and geographically, and with the development of Bazar economic networks, conditions were provided for the formation of a commercial bourgeoisie. But despite the accumulation of capital by Bazar forces, this force, unlike the bourgeoisie in the West, did not become an industrial force and retained its commercial character. Therefore, the question arises that in comparison with the effective role of Bazar forces and the bourgeoisie in the process of industrialization in Europe and the West, what factors prevented Bazar forces in Iran from entering the industrial stage. In this article, the method of historical-comparative sociology has been used as a method. Findings show that the dominance of speculative spirit over Bazar forces and the continuation of this dominance over economic action in Iran made Bazar forces reluctant to invest in industry and production areas.