Evaluation of interleukin 6 concentration in saliva of pregnant women with generalized moderate chronic periodontitis and without periodontal disease in comparison with non-pregnant women

Chronic periodontitis is one of the most common periodontal diseases. During pregnancy, changes in gingival tissue and biomarkers occur due to changes in hormone levels. Interleukin-6 is a pro-inflammatory factor, as pregnancy and periodontitis can cause changes in biomarkers, therefore in this study, the status of pregnancy and periodontitis was evaluated and a comparison of salivary biomarker changes of interleukin 6 was performed by ELISA method in the evaluated groups.

This study was a case-control study that included 80 women consisting of 40 women with generalized chronic periodontitis and 40 women without periodontal disease that in both pregnant and non-pregnant groups, the level of salivary biomarker interleukin 6 was evaluated by ELISA. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the statistical data and a significance limit of P≤0.05 was considered.

The highest salivary concentration of interleukin 6 was related to pregnant women with chronic generalized periodontitis and the lowest was observed in non-pregnant women without periodontal disease. The salivary concentration of interleukin 6 in the groups with periodontal disease was significantly different from the groups without periodontal disease (P = 0.04). Also, salivary concentration in saliva of pregnant women with periodontal disease was statistically significant with pregnant and non-pregnant women without periodontal disease (P <0.05).

Salivary IL6 concentrations increase in groups with periodontal disease and in pregnant women this rate is higher than non-pregnant women.