Introduction of Agent-Based Modeling in Explaining Low Fertility

One of the important issues in demography is helping to adopt appropriate and effective policies dealing with low fertility. This topic has a special importance in Iran due to the attainment of below-replacement fertility. Using analytical methods, some studies have been conducted to analyze low fertility in recent years. In this paper, the studies explaining low fertility using analytic method are critically reviewed. The absence of a linear, uniform and homogeneous relationship between the independent variables affecting low fertility and lack of deep understanding of the complex system of lower fertility are evident in previous studies. Agent-based modeling is introduced as a technical tool and a suitable solution developed based on computer programming. This approach can easily resolve the limitations associated with analytical methods. The ability of agent-based modeling in making bridge between micro and macro levels as well as the capability of complex system modeling are the strengths that can be employed in explaining the complex system of low fertility.