The number of mutations that have caused Covid-19 disease has hampered treatment and prevention mechanisms. Therefore, determining the nature and causes of the mutations created and predicting possible future mutations are among the research priorities. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to review the published scientific findings regarding mutations in the S genome, especially in the RBD region, and to predict possible future mutations. The results of our study showed that Covid factor 19 is a single-stranded virus from the corona viridae family with single-stranded RNA with a genome length of about 29881 bp (GenBank no MN908947). The virus genome encodes 9860 amino acids, which include gene fragments, structural and non-structural proteins. The S, E, M, and N genes are responsible for encoding structural proteins, and non-structural proteins include nsp and ORF. The emergence of this disease led to the adoption of new strategies for the diagnosis, treatment and production of vaccines. The failure of disease management methods has been due to the occurrence of multiple mutations in the Covid-19 genome. Most mutations in the S protein of the virus have been reported. In glycoprotein S, there is a site called the Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) through which the virus attaches to its receptor. Changes in this region are primarily responsible for binding to the ACE2 receptor (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) receptor; therefore, it plays a key role in the development of new variants and is a major factor in the spread of the virus. Understanding the mutations in this part of the virus has had a profound effect on our knowledge. In addition, by analyzing these mutations, it is possible to predict future genomic changes in the virus.
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