A new method for measuring permeability and ‌the ‎insulation property of earthen materials against ‎moisture and rainfall ‌in Archaeological sites and ‎monuments

Today, accurate and scientific study of archaeological findings and historical and cultural property in many studies, especially in the field archeometry and restoration, relies on the use of experimental methods. The ability to replicate and generalize the results of applying experimental methods using laboratory methods on the statistical population makes researchers more confident by analyzing the results of objective experiments to achieve reality. However, access to scientific and standard laboratory methods is one of the most important requirements use of experimental methods that can be employed to accurately measure and evaluate the various physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of historical and cultural samples. The purpose of this study is to find a standard test that can use to measure the permeability and insulation properties of materials used in historic buildings against moisture. In this study, to achieve this goal, for the first time was used to measure the permeability and insulation of traditional and ancient Kahgel plaster against moisture in historical buildings and architectural heritage, a test to determine the Hydraulic conductivity of water with falling head. In order to measure and evaluate the efficiency of this laboratory method to investigate the insulation and permeability of historical materials, this important feature was tested in samples of Kahgel plaster improved with different additives compared to the typical Kahgel plaster samples as a control sample. Results of the study showed that using the laboratory method, reconstructed the conditions and behavior of water during adsorption and penetration into historical samples materials are largely represented and their actual performance in the face of moisture and rainfall, therefore, it is possible to measure their permeability and insulating properties against water ‎quantitatively‏ ‏in saturated conditions with this method‏.‏