Investigating the practical meanings of additional verbs (tafaʔal, tafaʔala, ifteʔal, isfteʔal) in Nahj al-Balaghah

Nahj al-Balaghah is the second written inheritance and source of knowledge in Islamic teachings. In addition to its ideological function, which is related to its theological themes, due to its rich interpretation, this magnificent work has a literary function. This feature is the result of numerous components, including the use of additional verbs to express appropriate meanings based on the context, which has been used more than four thousand times in various meanings. As it is known, verb is the main and fundamental element in the structure of the Arabic language and through its transition from singular to additional verbs leads to the development of new meanings. The present article is a theoretical research that uses descriptive analytic methods to provide examples of additional verbs (tafaʔala, tafaʔala, ifteʔal, isfteʔal) used in Nahj al-Balaghah. It also uses its lexical sources and explanations in terms of practical meanings. Based on the data analysis, the author has concluded that the additional verbs used in Nahj al-Balaghah are fully in line with the current contexts of sermons, letters, and quotes and fulfill their purposes. These verbs clearly indicate the Arabic language's capacity to produce new and diverse meanings from a single infinitive verb to its meaning expansion.