A Non-Invasive and Low-Cost Monitoring System of Hemodialysis Adequacy by Dialysis Machines

Hemodialysis serves as a therapy for patients with kidney malfunction. Kidney malfunction results in the accumulation of toxins and excess fluid in the body, leading to the patient’s death if not removed. Hemodialysis adequacy can be quantified by analyzing dialysate conductivity at the dialyzer inlet and outlet.

In this paper, the authors presented a non-invasive and low-cost monitoring system of hemodialysis adequacy, which can continuously measure the conductivity of soluble in dialysis machines, allowing the delivery of more acceptable treatment.

An online measurement indicated that the presented system could easily show ionic dialysance and the patient's plasma conductivity at two different parts of the dialysate route. This technique can be an effective way to decide about terminating the dialysis according to plasma sodium concentration. The proposed system can be used as an easy-to-use impedance spectroscopy system to measure the patient's plasma conductivity on a dialysis machine. The designed system was tested and validated experimentally in actual dialysis sessions. This technique does not require any disposables or reagents, reducing patient anxiety and cost by decreasing blood sampling and laboratory analysis.

The operation and development of this system on dialysis machines will effectively prevent dialysis-induced complications.