Comparison of the Impact of Climate Change on Household Energy Consumption Patterns for Two Different Climate Types in the Middle East and Eurasia: A Case Study of Tehran and Moscow

In the present study, in order to monitor and project the impact of global warming on household energy consumption pattern, a comparative study was conducted between the Middle East and Eurasia as two different climates.Tehran as a cold semi-arid climate and Moscow as a humid continental climate have been evaluated. In this study, two-time series of climate data have been used to model the residential energy demand. This paper contained the basic data from 1990 to 2010, and the CMIP5 climate models have been used to project climate data (radiation, temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity) from the outputs of CanEMS2 model, which its values have been dynamically downscaled using the RegCM4.6 for the period from 2020 to 2049. In addition, RCP4.5 scenario was used in this study.The results of this study demonstrated that the mean annual temperature for the period 2020–2049 as compared with the current decade would be increased 3.27°C and 4.71°C for Tehran and Moscow, respectively. On the other hand, relative humidity changes in future compared to base period would be decreased 4% for Tehran and increased 10.5% for Moscow. The total assessment on climate change in the coming decades would be led to a change in energy demand pattern for both study areas. Although heating energy demand is reduced in both study areas, the rate of decrease in Tehran was 12.75 percent, and it was in Moscow one percent, compared to the base period. On the other hand, the rate of increase in cooling energy in Tehran was 12.74 percent, and it was in Moscow One percent, compared to the base period. In general, the percentage of increased cooling energy demand compared to the reduced heating energy for both stations was high, which would be resulted in more emissions of CO2 (carbon dioxide) from these buildings.