The effect of allochemical compounds of chamomile on changes in physiological parameters and growth of charlock mustard compared to wheat

AbstractEnvironmental pollution and weed resistance to herbicides have attracted the attention of researchers to methods of biological weed control. In this regard, the effect of different concentrations (50, 100 and 150 mL/L) of different organs (roots, shoots, whole plant) of chamomile on some physiological parameters and initial growth of charlock mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were examined. The factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that increasing the concentration of chamomile extract increased hydrogen peroxidation, lipid peroxidation, and proline content of charlock mustard, however it suppreseed cell viability, germination rate, seedling length, seedling dry weight and seedling vigor index of this plant. The dry weight of charlock mustard and wheat seedlings at a concentration of 150 mL/L at the 5% probability level was 58.9 and 84.3, respectively. In other words, this trait decreased by 41% and 15.7% in the two plants. Although chamomile shoot extract had the most negative effect on the mentioned traits in both plants, charlock mustard showed a more severe response compared to wheat. Even with the lowest concentration, chamomile extract reduced the vigor index of charlock mustard seedlings three times more than that of wheat. In general, it can be concluded that based on the strong effect of chamomile extract on suppressing the growth of charlock mustard and little effect on wheat seedlings, it can be