Investigating the Role of Physical Properties of Typical Educational Buildings during Emergency Evacuation During Accidents

The overcrowding in the school building make the importance of examining evacuation of students in the accident.  To this end, this paper  provide a simulation of human evacuation in a school sample (from school organization type maps, with 2 stories - and with 345 ) at the time of the accident. Pathfinder software was used for this purpose and the evacuation time for the above-mentioned school was 131 seconds. Since physical characteristics are considered as one of the most important factors affecting the duration of evacuation, therefore in this study two important physical factors including height and building length were evaluated.The results showed that with increasing of height of the building (3 floors and 516 users) the time increased by 66% to 217 seconds, which is unsafe and by increasing the height to 4 floors (687 users) this would increase by 135% to 307.8 seconds, which would create a dangerous situation. Installation of a separate emergency stair also reduced this time to just 249.5 seconds, which is not on the safe time. But increasing the length of the building (with 515 users) given that, unlike the height of the building, it has less impact on the density of the students (especially on the staircase) and it has a greater effect on reducing the duration of emergency evacuation (Compared to vertical expansion of the building). Therefore it is recommended that  If possible extend the building from the (horizontal) length  was considered.