The Study of Polysemy in Action Verbs 'xwârdǝn', 'šurdǝn', and 'ništǝn' in Kalhori Kurdish based on Cognitive Semantics

Polysemy is one of the most familiar concepts that has been addressed in semantic studies, and it is identified as a linguistic unit that has several meanings. The present paper deals with the study of polysemy in /xwârdǝn/ 'eating', /šurdǝn/ 'washing', /ništǝn/ 'sitting', as action verbs in Kalhori Kurdish dialect based on cognitive semantic approach. Data collection was done in a library-field manner. The linguistic corpus used in this research includes common sentences, proverbs, and works of Kalhori Kurdish poets. By examining the data based on the concepts of cognitive semantics, 34 meanings were identified for the verb /xwârdǝn/, 8 meanings for the verb /šurdǝn/, and 13meanings for the verb /ništǝn/ were identified. Semantic relationships in the structure of these verbs were examined, the collocation of action verbs with body parts was seen in all three Kalhori Kurdish verbs. The collocation of these verbs with the essential components, including the organs of the body, with special words in the Kurdish dialect of kalhori, has a great effect on conveying the meaning of the verbs. The collocation of action verbs of interest did not have a common meaning with the "head" member; in other words, the collocation of the word "head" has different meanings in /šurdǝn/ and /ništǝn/. Accordingly, the collocation of an action verb also has an effect on the meaning of the organ of the body with which it is used. The conjugation of the member "hand" in /ništǝn/ and /šurdǝn/ also have different meanings. Among these three verbs   /xwârdǝn/   has the highest number of meanings and the most idiomatic usage. In terms of the collocation of verbs with body parts, the verb /ništǝn/ has the highest number, followed by /šurdǝn/, /xwârdǝn/.