Studying Abdolvahab Bayati's Poem "The Torment of Hallaj" in the view of Goldman's Generic Structuralism Theory

According to Goldman, the artist with his potential consciousness that is the maximum of his consciousness and ideal, when faced with the false ideology and consciousness represented by the dominant power in society finds a complicated situation, and a problematic change occurs to him at the structure of society. The artist's potential consciousness can be transpersonal and belongs to the class that the artist represents. Organic unity sets among the components of literary work and shows the social structure among the elements of the work. Critic tries to reach this unity in the structure of the work. The critic then analyzes the literary work concerning the all-encompassing social structure to determine how the worldview of social classes and groups becomes the building blocks of the literature world. After studying the poem "The Torment of Hallaj" based on Goldman's generic structuralism theory and with a descriptive-analytical method, it is concluded that there is a significant relationship between the social structure of Bayati's time and the structure of the poem. In the historical context of Iraq, Bayati represents the worldview of communism that is a potential consciousness in his class. Such consciousness confronts the authoritarian ideology and false awareness of the government of Nouri al-Saeed, and it makes the poet a problematic character. This historical structure has also been transferred to the components of the poem, and in Bayati's literature, Hallaj is a problematic hero. He rises against the tyrant and dogmatic emperor of the time and attacks the false and absolutist ideology of the ruler. The clown also has a symbolic personality in the poem, which faces the catastrophe of the death of her beloved (the death of ideal consciousness symbol). Therefore, the poet and his social class play an essential role in the evolution of the structure of Bayati poetry in the role of the personal and transpersonal actors.