Professions of the Jewish of Medina and the Strategic Management of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) with the Emphasis on Cultivation

Before the advent of Islam, the Jewish migrated to the Arabian Peninsula due to the reasons such as war, migration, commerce, and belief in the appearance of last Prophet at the end of time. Regarding their experience on farming profession, they monopolized the economy of Medina and its surrounding and due to the migration of Muslims to Medina and their lack of specialized knowledge of cultivation, a ground was provided for the Jewish to exploit the Muslims in different ways. Accordingly, to appreciate the way of their economic interactions in the early years of departure, this question should be answered on the reasons of the Jewish dominating the common professions in Medina and the strategies taken by Prophet Mohammad to get self-sufficiency related to cultivation. The finding of this research, relying on the primary sources and the descriptive- analytical method, elucidates that the Jewish were the possessors of professions due to living in the appropriate setting, possessing the prosperous lands, being professional on the methods of farming and various lifestyles. Prophet Mohammad gradually took an appropriate strategy towards the economic development and self-sufficiency of Muslims and encouraged the planting of palms, supervised on the division of water, managed the restoration of arid lands and finally the economic independence of Muslims was provided.