Human health risk assessment via the consumption of platycephalus indicus in the Persian Gulf, Iran

The assessment of human health risk associated with accumulation of lead, copper, zinc, nickel, and Arsenic in the muscle of bartail flathead (Platycephalus indicus) collected from Jofreh pier and Bushehr port, northwest of the Persian Gulf of Iran was examined. A total of 80 P. indicus were collected and analysed using ICP-OES from two seasons (summer and winter) of 2019; estimated daily intake (EDI), estimated weekly intake (EWI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI) and Carcinogenic risk (CR) were determined. The mean concentration (μg/g) range were observed as: zinc (16.37-50.17)> As (5.65-8.83)> Cu (2.19-3.63)> Pb (0.62-6.37)> Ni (0.17-1.08). Hazard index (HI) for adult and children during consumption of P.indicus was <1, the highest HI values were calculated for adults (0.06) in Bushehr and children (0.14) in Jofreh. The CR levels for Ni and Pb were within acceptable limits (10-6 to 10-4) and arsenic was unacceptable (> 10-4) at sampling sites.