Experimental Investigation of Drag Reduction in a Rough Horizontal Pipeline Using Nanofluid by Surface Response Method

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of nanofluids consisting of nanoparticles of magnesium oxide and polyacrylamide polymer on the drag reduction in the turbulent flow of water in a rough horizontal pipeline. For this purpose, three effective parameters of the process (nanoparticle concentration, surfactant concentration, and Reynolds number) in each pipeline were investigated and optimized by the surface response method. The highest rate of drag reduction was calculated by a numerical optimization method of 82%. The model adequacy was investigated using ANOVA analysis. Given the high values of the coefficient of determination and the adjusted coefficient of determination, it was determined that the data are well described by the second-order empirical model.