Explanation of Land use Evolutions in order to Urban Sustainable Development of Kashan city (1370 - 1400)

 Land use planning as the heart of urban planning plays an essential role in sustainable development. Today, land use planning is one of the essential axes of urban planning and one of the levers of sustainable urban development. During the past few decades, the city of Kashan has faced the growth and development of several cities and industrial towns. This issue has caused extensive changes in the urban lands of Kashan and surrounding areas. In this study, the trend of land use change in Kashan in the last few decades have been studied. The purpose of this study is a quantitative evaluation of land use in Kashan to achieve sustainable development.

 The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. The data gathering method is documentary and field method; the tools used for analysis in this study are also Envi 5, Idrisi Selva, and Arc Gis10.1 software. In this research, RS data and Landsat satellite imagery, TM sensor in 1991, Landsat ETM + sensor in 2011, and Landsat 8 in 2021 have been used to analyze the urban. First, in the pre-processing stage, atmospheric and radiometric corrections were applied to the images. In this research, we use the supervised classification method for classification. In this classification, we have used a series of educational examples for classification. Three classes of land use include man-made land, barren land, and vegetation. Then, using the vector machine method, the land use map was prepared and compared for these three periods. To evaluate the accuracy and correctness of the classified mappings, an error matrix was formed, and based on that, the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were calculated. Satellite images were processed and analyzed in ENVI 5.3 software environment, and Google Earth, IDRISI, and ArcGIS 10.8 software were used for data analysis. To analyze the changes, the Crosstab function was used in the Idrisi Selva software.

 The changes in land use and the increased pressure caused by the physical development of the city on the natural environment have destroyed the ecosystems of the Kashan region for 30 years. This land use change has brought the widest destruction and pressure to the ecosystem of agricultural lands, gardens, and barren lands. The results of the comparison of land use maps in the study periods show the change in the level of all land uses. Man-made uses have continued to grow during the 30 years of research, and on the other hand, the area of barren land and land with vegetation has decreased. These changes have caused, the area of this land use has increased from 2562 Hec. in 1370 to 4689 Hec. in 1400 and has seen a growth of nearly 18 percent. On the other hand, the area of land with vegetation has increased from 3892 Hec. in 1370 to 2733 Hec. in 1400, and about 10 percent of the area of this land has decreased. Another effect of development is the decreasing trend of barren land area in the study area. It has decreased from the area of 5722 Hec. in 1370 to 4754 Hec. in 1400.

 Random urban growth leads to urban development and land use changes. Changes in land use in urban areas typically reflect economic development and population growth. Kashan city has also had a lot of physical development in recent years. The results of the research shows that the area of man-made land has increased from 2562 Hec. in 1370 to 3419 Hec. in 1390 and 4689 Hec. in 1400. This urban development has been to the detriment of other land uses, especially barren land and land with vegetation, so the area of land with vegetation has decreased from 3892 Hec. in 1370 to 2733 Hec. in 1400. One of the main negative consequences of such changes in the land use pattern is the reduction of ecological and biological power and the disturbance of the environmental balance and sustainable development in the city's surroundings.