Pathology of Preferential, Commercial and Customs Agreements in Foreign Trade

The purpose of this paper is to Counting and analyzing the performance and effectiveness of bilateral or multilateral customs and trade agreements that can be considered in reviewing the laws and policies governing the conclusion of such agreements with the aim of expanding trade relations with other countries. This article examines customs and trade agreements using research methods (normative and descriptive-analytical).The findings indicate that despite the conclusion of more than 158 bilateral or multilateral customs and trade agreements, failure to monitor the performance and effectiveness of the above agreements, lack of attention to technical and expert aspects of this issue such as Trade Potential Index, Trade Complementarity Index, relative export advantage, etc., has led to their formalization and loss of function. The consequences of this will lead to the loss of the power of initiative to reduce the effects of sanctions in the current sensitive situation.