Exposure of religious scholars to the emergence of banks in Iran and its implications through historical research

Historical-Economical attention to the Emergence of the banking system in the Qajar period and the Confrontation of religious scholars to this modern phenomenon is one of the most important challenges in the Iranian contemporary history, which in addition to confirming the feasibility of Islamic economic models, is a rich source for historical experience in the field of Islamic banking. This research shows that religious scholars in dealing with the bank emergence, have taken three different approaches according to the time conditions. At a time when contacting with the new technological world had not been spread significantly, religious scholars with complete caution and precision, prevented the bank entrance to Iran with a general ban. But after the staggering influx of modern political-economic structures into the country, religious scholars tried to establish an independent national bank based on adapting the banking system, and secondly, to remove its structure from usury so as not to contradict jurisprudence. But after the activity of relative independence in the banking system, the third approach of religious scholars was to design and model socio-economic structures based on religious orders. While commercial banks have the exclusive right to Endogenous money for certain individuals, at this time, the Islamic economic models made it possible, liquidity should be directly available to the real sector of the economy, firstly, and secondly, all members of society should be able to participate in productive economic activities on the basis of collective cooperation, and the resulting wealth should be distributed fairly among them