The Wisdom of society and history from the perspective of Neo-Sadra Philosophers: Allameh Tabatabai and Shahid Motahari

The wisdom of society and history from the point of view of the sages of Neo-Sadarai: Allamah Tabatabai and Mortaza MotahhariAfter the Muslims' encounter with the modern Western world, some contemporary thinkers influenced by the transcendent wisdom (al-Hekmah al-mota`aliah) of Sadr al-Muta`allehin Shirazi, known as the "Neo-Sadr thinkers", had a critical encounter with the philosophies of history and theories of contemporary Western social sciences, including Hegel, Marx, Comte, Durkheim and others based on the principles of Islamic wisdom. Through this critical encounter, transcendent wisdom has been developed and a collection of reflections from these contemporary philosophers has been formulated, which can be called the wisdom of society and history. Although other research has been done on this subject, most of them have dealt with the relationship between the individual and society and in a few cases have examined the realm of the wisdom of history. In this article, with the aim of formulating the development of transcendent wisdom in society and history and using comparative methodology, in the first part, emphasizing the views of the Allameh Tabatabai, the principle of employment, society's independence from individuals, conventionalitis, human evolutionary history, history of right and wrong, chronology of history are discussed. In the second part, with a comparative view, the nature of society, individual will and social determinism, causality in history, the originality of nature (Fetrah), the driving force of history, the total evolution of history and the mechanisms of realization history based on the view of Shahid Motahhari are mentioned. At the end of the article, after conclution, two main category for further research are mentioned: 1) research in relation of partial-general and total, the relationship of individual, society and history and their simultaneous originality, the graded evolutionary reality of history, the relationship of consciousness and will; 2) Critique of contemporary sociological theories based on Islamic wisdom.